Table 1 The representative philosophical thoughts affecting mind-body relationship in psychiatry in modern times
Period | Representative figure | School of theory | Main point |
|---|---|---|---|
Hellenistic period | Plato、Aristotle et al. | Theories on mind-body unity | Soul and body belong to the world of ideas and phenomena's, soul has transcendence and body has limitations. |
17th century | Descartes | Mind-body dualism | The body and the soul are two distinct entities, and man can imagine that the mind exists independently of the body. |
17th and 18th centuries | Immanuel Kant et al. | German idealism | The distinction between mind and body is a representation of the phenomenal realm, not a distinction of reality at the level of the thing itself. |
18th century | Philippe Pinel | Humanitarian trend of thought | Mental disorders result from the combination of nervous system disorders (physical factors) and psychological trauma (such as emotional shock and social pressure). |
19th century, early 20th century | Emil Kraepelin、Kurt Schneideret al | Somatike、Classical psychiatry | Mental illness is essentially seen as a symptom of a physical disease or a physical matrix disease. |
19th century, early 20th century | Edmund Husserl、Sigmund Freud et al. | Psychiker、Analytical school | Mental illness is seen as a form of existence of some primordial inner spiritual life. |
Early 20th century | Karl Jaspers | General psychosis principle | Mental disorders result from the combination of nervous system disorders (physical factors) and psychological trauma (such as emotional shock and social pressure). |
Mid-20th century | Eugene Minkoi | Phenomenal psychiatry | Focus on providing a holistic description while striving to integrate the mind-body phenomenon through the life dynamics. |