Table 1 Summary comparison of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in adhd treatment: efficacy, adverse effects, and safety profiles: It is important to note that side effects are indicative and may vary in intensity and duration. Additionally, the need for further research, especially in the case of Atomoxetine, regarding long-term adverse effects in children and adolescents with ADHD is emphasized
Aspect | Methylphenidate | Atomoxetine |
|---|---|---|
Efficacy in ADHD Symptoms | Effective in improving inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity [15] | Effective in addressing core ADHD symptoms [27] |
Improvement in Quality of Life | Improves quality of life, social functioning, and academic performance [31, 33] | Improves various aspects: learning, family and peer relationships, cognitive function, executive function, social skills, and more [32] |
Common Adverse Effects | Insomnia, diminished appetite and weight, nervousness, tick development, heightened heart rate, and increased blood pressure [5] | Mainly gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting) and cardiovascular (minor increases in heart rate and blood pressure) [29], Fu, 2022) |
Gestational Risks | Crosses the blood–brain barrier and placenta, associated with risks of congenital malformations in offspring of exposed pregnant women [6] | Limited data, apparently lower risk due to its safety profile; however, further research is needed |
Safety Profile | Associated with over 60 years of use, with known and manageable risks [5] | Less time in use (since 2008), with fewer known adverse reactions, but continuous research is required [26] |