Table 6 Attitudes toward research and plagiarism among medical students

Gender

 Male

5.8 ± 1.0

3.8 ± 1.1

5.6 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.1

4.9 ± 1.3

5.1 ± 0.8

2.45 ± 0.73

3.97 ± 0.66

2.30 ± 0.74

 Female

5.8 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 1.2*

5.5 ± 1.2

4.9 ± 1.0

4.8 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 0.8

2.44 ± 0.75

3.88 ± 0.69

2.33 ± 0.72

 Age, r

0.139*

-0.102*

0.157*

0.184*

-0.005

0.114*

-0.244*

0.185*

-0.127*

 GPA, r

0.158*

0.086*

0.193*

0.163*

0.138*

0.209*

-0.132*

0.132*

-0.091*

Study level

 I

4.8 ± 1.4^{a, b}

4.1 ± 1.3 ^{a, b}

4.2 ± 1.5 ^{a, b}

4.2 ± 1.0 ^{a, b}

4.2 ± 1.6 ^{a, b}

4.3 ± 0.9 ^{a, b}

3.17 ± 0.74^{a, b}

3.42 ± 0.80^{a, b}

3.01 ± 0.81^{a, b}

 II-VI

5.9 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.2 ^c

5.7 ± 1.0

5.0 ± 0.9 ^c

5.0 ± 1.2 ^c

5.2 ± 0.7

2.38 ± 0.68^c

3.93 ± 0.65^c

2.20 ± 0.66

 PhD

6.0 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 1.1

5.8 ± 0.8

5.3 ± 1.0

4.7 ± 1.3

5.2 ± 0.6

2.17 ± 0.63

4.14 ± 0.55

2.25 ± 0.64

 Preventive/Preclinical

5.9 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.2

5.8 ± 1.0*

5.1 ± 0.9

5.2 ± 1.1

5.2 ± 0.7

2.34 ± 0.70

3.98 ± 0.67

2.10 ± 0.64*

 Clinical

5.9 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 1.2

5.6 ± 0.9

5.0 ± 1.0

5.0 ± 1.2

5.1 ± 0.7

2.39 ± 0.67

3.89 ± 0.61

2.25 ± 0.64

*p<0.050 aI vs II-VI p<0.001; bI vs PhD p<0.001; cII-VI vs PhD p<0.00